Edition 16.4
Abstract
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To see the contents of the filemy_next_bestselling_novelin your current working directory, enter thecat my_next_bestselling_novelcommand at the shell prompt and press Enter to execute the command.
Press Enter to execute the command.Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to switch to a virtual terminal.
mono-spaced bold. For example:
File-related classes includefilesystemfor file systems,filefor files, anddirfor directories. Each class has its own associated set of permissions.
Choose → → from the main menu bar to launch Mouse Preferences. In the Buttons tab, select the Left-handed mouse check box and click to switch the primary mouse button from the left to the right (making the mouse suitable for use in the left hand).To insert a special character into a gedit file, choose → → from the main menu bar. Next, choose → from the Character Map menu bar, type the name of the character in the Search field and click . The character you sought will be highlighted in the Character Table. Double-click this highlighted character to place it in the Text to copy field and then click the button. Now switch back to your document and choose → from the gedit menu bar.
Mono-spaced Bold Italic or Proportional Bold Italic
To connect to a remote machine using ssh, typessh username@domain.nameat a shell prompt. If the remote machine isexample.comand your username on that machine is john, typessh john@example.com.Themount -o remount file-systemcommand remounts the named file system. For example, to remount the/homefile system, the command ismount -o remount /home.To see the version of a currently installed package, use therpm -q packagecommand. It will return a result as follows:package-version-release.
Publican is a DocBook publishing system.
mono-spaced roman and presented thus:
books Desktop documentation drafts mss photos stuff svn books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs
mono-spaced roman but add syntax highlighting as follows:
package org.jboss.book.jca.ex1;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
public class ExClient
{
public static void main(String args[])
throws Exception
{
InitialContext iniCtx = new InitialContext();
Object ref = iniCtx.lookup("EchoBean");
EchoHome home = (EchoHome) ref;
Echo echo = home.create();
System.out.println("Created Echo");
System.out.println("Echo.echo('Hello') = " + echo.echo("Hello"));
}
}Note
Important
Warning
Fedora and the component cloud-guide. The following link automatically loads this information for you: http://bugzilla.redhat.com/.
Summary field.
Description field and give us the details of the error or suggestion as specifically as you can. If possible, include some surrounding text so we know where the error occurs or the suggestion fits.
Document URL: Section number and name: Error or suggestion: Additional information:
Example 1.1. Understanding Iaas, Paas, and Saas: Email in the Cloud
ami, such as ami-6ebe4507. Instances have identifiers that begin with the letter i, such as i-12459dbd.
us-east-1.
us-east-1a.
vol, such as vol-ffe93704.
snap, such as snap-773491a0.
80 or SSH traffic on port 22). All other traffic is ignored. By default, a security group has no rules, which causes it to block all incoming traffic. You can modify the rules for a security group at any time.
default security group that EC2 provides for you. When you run a new instance it will run in the default security group unless you choose a different one.
Amazon AWS is not free
Launch Web Browser
Sign In or Create an AWS Account
Login Credentials
Important — Password Security
Contact Information
* next to them are required. Registration will not be allowed to proceed if they are not populated.
.iamrc in your home directory that contains those keys in this format:
AWSAccessKeyId=your_access_key_id AWSSecretKey=your_secret_key
.eucarc in your home directory with the following content to point it toward AWS:
export AWS_CREDENTIAL_FILE=~/.iamrc export EC2_URL=https://ec2.amazonaws.com/ export S3_URL=https://s3.amazonaws.com/ export EUARE_URL=https://iam.amazonaws.com/ source "$AWS_CREDENTIAL_FILE" export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=$AWSAccessKeyId export EC2_SECRET_KEY=$AWSSecretKey export AWS_ACCESS_KEY=$AWSAccessKeyId export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$AWSSecretKey
$ source ~/.eucarcroot user: # yum install euca2oolseuca-describe-regions, which results in a list such as this:
REGION eu-west-1 ec2.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com REGION us-east-1 ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com REGION ap-northeast-1 ec2.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com REGION us-west-1 ec2.us-west-1.amazonaws.com REGION ap-southeast-1 ec2.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com
EC2_URL in your .eucarc file. For example:
export EC2_URL=https://ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/
.eucarc file, reset the settings in your shell's environment by running this command: $ source ~/.eucarceuca-add-keypair command to create it and write the private key to a file. Be sure to choose a name that is easy to remember. To create your new key pair, run the following command, replacing mykey with a memorable name:
$ euca-add-keypair mykey > mykey.pemKey pairs are irreplaceable
euca-add-keypair is the only chance you will have to save a copy of the private key. There is no way to recover a lost private key from EC2.
euca-describe-keypairs to display a list of your keypairs.
$ euca-describe-keypairseuca-delete-keypairs to delete a keypair. Deleting a keypair does not remove it from instances that are already running; it merely prevents new instances from using it.
$ euca-delete-keypair mykey1default security group that EC2 provides for you, you can also create your own security groups.
euca-authorize command lets you tell EC2 to allow traffic from ranges of IP addresses and ports into a security group. To allow access to SSH (TCP port 22) running on instances in the default security group, run the following command replacing 1.2.3.4 with the IP address from which you will connect to your EC2 instances.
$ euca-authorize default -p 22 -s 1.2.3.4/32$ euca-authorize default -p 22$ euca-authorize default -P icmpeuca-authorize is euca-revoke. You can use euca-describe-groups to obtain a list of security groups and the firewall permissions you have applied to them.
ami.
m1.small and t1.micro, though each of those carries a restriction: m1.small instances must use the i386 architecture. t1.micro instances have no instance storage and therefore must boot from EBS. If the image you choose fits neither of these criteria or if you simply need more resources than they can provide then you need to use a larger and more expensive instance type.
euca-run-instances. To be able to log into the new instance, you must also specify the name of the key pair you created earlier. For example, to run a t1.micro instance of the image ami-7f5a063a with a key pair named mykey, run the following command:
$ euca-run-instances ami-7f5a063a -t t1.micro -k mykeyeuca-run-instances contains the ID of the instance you just started. In the example above, the instance's ID is i-910fbbd6. You will need this ID to use tools that need to refer to the instance.
pending state. When it finished booting it changes to the running state. When you terminate it it changes to the shutting-down and finally terminated states.
running state. You can check on your instances by running euca-describe-instances, optionally with the ID of the instance in question. When the instance is ready (or nearly ready) to use, euca-describe-instances will display the address you can use to log into it:
$ euca-describe-instancesec2-204-236-168-22.us-east-1.compute.amazonaws.com. Other useful bits of information from this command include the availability zone in which the instance is running (us-east-1c in this case) and the time that the instance started.
running you can log into it with ssh. On Fedora's images you should log in as the user fedora:
$ssh -i mykey.pem fedora@ec2-204-236-168-22.us-east-1.compute.amazonaws.comFedora release 16 (Verne)[fedora@i-910fbbd6 ~]$cat /etc/fedora-release
euca-terminate-instances command to free up resources and reduce your costs:
$ euca-terminate-instances i-910fbbd6euca-create-volume:
$ euca-create-volume -s 10 -z us-east-1cvol-23ca3542. You will need this ID to use tools that need to refer to the volume.
euca-describe-volumes will provide a list of all volumes available to you in the entire region in addition to where they are attached:
$ euca-describe-volumes/dev/sdX, where X is a letter. It will appear inside the instance as either /dev/sdX or /dev/xvdX.
$ euca-attach-volume -i i-910fbbd6 -d /dev/sdf vol-23ca3542Volumes are zone-specific
[fedora@i-910fbbd6 ~]$mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdf[fedora@i-910fbbd6 ~]$mount /dev/xvdf /mnt
[fedora@i-910fbbd6 ~]$umount /dev/xvdf[fedora@i-910fbbd6 ~]$logout$euca-detach-volume vol-23ca3542
$ euca-delete-volume vol-23ca3542euca-create-snapshot:
$ euca-create-snapshot vol-23ca3542snap-00acc96e. You will need this ID to use tools that need to refer to the snapshot.
Volumes should not change while creating snapshots
euca-describe-snapshots.
euca-describe-snapshots will provide a list of all snapshots available to you in the region:
$ euca-describe-snapshotsDealing with too much output
euca-describe-snapshots will list all snapshots that you can access, including those that you do not own. To narrow down the command's output you can supply a list of snapshots to the command or use any of its numerous methods of filtering output.
euca-create-volume and specify a snapshot instead of a size:
$ euca-create-volume --snapshot snap-00acc96e -z us-east-1ceuca-delete-snapshot. Any volumes created from that snapshot will be unaffected.
$ euca-delete-snapshot snap-00acc96eyum install rubygem-boxgrinder-build| Revision History | ||||||
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| Revision 16.4-1 | Thu 3 November 2011 | |||||
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| Revision 16.3-1 | Fri September 16 2011 | |||||
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| Revision 16.2-1 | Mon Jun 20 2011 | |||||
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| Revision 16.1-1 | Sat Jun 11 2011 | |||||
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| Revision 0.1-1 | Wed Oct 13 2010 | |||||
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