## Burning ISO images to disc {#idm53256560}
### _How to download ISO images and create CD and DVD media_
###
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Abstract
How to download ISO images and create CD and DVD media
----
## 1\. Introduction {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Introduction}
The Fedora Project distributes Fedora in the form of _ISO image files_ that you can download from the Internet. You can transfer, or _burn_, these ISO image files to a blank CD or DVD and then use this disc to install Fedora on a computer.
This document shows you how to download these image files and burn them to a disc using a few common tools. This document assumes that you have no experience with Linux.
### Third-party software
The Fedora Project only supports software that is part of the Fedora distribution
Other software mentioned in this article is intended to guide you in the right direction. The Fedora Project is not responsible for nor endorses those software packages, and their use is described here merely for your convenience. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to burning ISOs under every operating system.
## 2\. Downloading {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading}
### 2\.1. Downloading an ISO Image {#idm63427440}
Several download options for Fedora ISOs are available from , including "spins" (special versions targeted at specific audiences) and versions for different processor types. Multiple download methods are available, including direct download from an official Fedora mirror, and torrents. Torrents download data from multiple peers, but require special software (for example transmission or Ktorrent).
The ISO files are large, so it might take a long time to download them, especially using a dial-up modem. If you have a slow connection to the Internet, consider using a download manager. Download managers typically enable you to pause and recommence the download at convenient times and to resume a download that was interrupted.
Example 1. Resuming a download with wget
The linux utility **wget** can resume interrupted downloads. A command such as the one below will download a Fedora image, and can be executed again to continue the download if needed.
** wget --continue http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/19/Fedora/x86_64/Fedora-19-x86_64-netinst.iso **
### 2\.2. Choosing the ISO Files {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading-Choosing_the_ISO_Files}
Fedora is distributed as a single DVD-sized ISO image file, smaller 1GB `spin` ISO image files, or as a `netinstall` image. Refer to the Fedora Live Images guide at to learn more about spins.
Table 1. Comparing image types
|Image type|Features|
|-|
|DVD image||Sized for 3.5 GB DVD media and 4 GB or larger USB media.|
|Offers the most flexible installation options.|
|Suited for customized installs, offline use, and low memory systems.||
|`netinstall` image||Sized for CD media and 512 MB or larger USB media.|
|Offers flexible installation options, downloads latest packages during installation.|
|Suited for customized installs, network deployment, and metered bandwidth connections.||
|Spin images||Sized for 1 GB USB media or larger optical media.|
|Various spin images offer a live preview of the desktop environment they represent. They install only the features available from the spin, but can be added to after installation.|
|Suitable for demonstrations or installing a specific desktop environment.||
### File size limits
A _file system_ is a method that your computer uses to organize the files and data on its storage devices. Older file systems, notably `FAT32`, cannot handle large files like the DVD image. If downloading with such a system, you should choose a smaller image.
The exact files you need from the download server depend upon your system and the version of Fedora you are downloading. The file names will always contain `Fedora`, the release version, the image's target architecture, and the type of image.
Example 2. Filenames
Default live image
Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-19-1.iso
32-bit KDE Spin
Fedora-Live-Desktop-i686-19-1.iso
64-bit netinstall image
Fedora-19-x86_64-netinst.iso
The computer processor architecture is usually `i386` for 32-bit PCs, including the Pentium and Athlon processor families. The architecture is usually `x86_64` for 64-bit PCs, including the Athlon 64 processor family. The architecture is usually `ppc` for PowerPC computers, including most of Apple's Macintosh offerings before they began using Intel chips in the MacBook. If in doubt, your system probably requires the `x86_64` versions.
For example, if downloading Fedora 19 for a Pentium 4 computer, the correct file is `Fedora-19-i386-DVD.iso`. You may also need the `CHECKSUM` file to verify that the files you have downloaded are complete and correct.
## 3\. Validating the Files {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files}
Errors can occur during the download, even if your download manager reports none. Therefore it is **very important** to check that the files have not been corrupted in any way. This is the purpose of the `CHECKSUM` file. It contains one line for each of the available ISO files with a content verification code, called a _hash_, computed from the original ISO files.
### BitTorrent Automatic Error Checking
BitTorrent automatically performs this error checking during downloads. If your BitTorrent application reports all files have been successfully downloaded, you can safely skip this step.
### Third-party software
The Fedora Project and Red Hat, Inc. have no control over external sites such as the ones listed in the sections below, or the programs they provide.
### 3\.1. Getting the CHECKSUM Files {#ect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files-Getting_the_CHECKSUM_Files}
Before getting started, it's a good time to download the checksums from . Click on the link that matches the ISO you have downloaded and keep it handy for the next steps.
### 3\.2. Validating in the Windows Graphical Environment {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files-Validating_in_the_Windows_Graphical_Environment}
There are a number of no-cost products available for file validation and hashing that have point and click interfaces. Here are links to a few of them:
* HashTab:
* DivHasher:
* MD5 GUI:
Follow the instructions provided to install the program. When you run the program, use the file selection tools provided to select your downloaded ISO image files. Then select the SHA256 algorithm for calculation, and run the tool. The program takes some time to complete, since it must read the entire ISO file.
If you are using HashTab, you will need to enable the SHA256 checksum option. In order to do this open the File Properties window (right click --> File Hashes tab --> Settings), then select the SHA256 option. It is advisable to uncheck any preselected hash options as they will only slow down the hash calculations.
Open the file `CHECKSUM` with a text editor, such as Notepad, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by the hash tool for **each** of the downloaded ISO files **exactly** matches the corresponding hash in the `CHECKSUM` file.
If all of the hashes match, you can burn the ISO file to disc. If a file does not match, download it again.
### 3\.3. Validating at the Windows Command Prompt {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files-Validating_at_the_Windows_Command_Prompt}
To check the files using the command prompt, download the program `sha256sum.exe` available from . If you have any problems accessing `sha256sum.exe`, you can try to grab `md5sum.exe` from . If you have downloaded `md5sum.exe` be sure to substitute for the correct tool below.
The `sha256sum.exe` program computes and displays hashes. To use it, save `sha256sum.exe` to the same directory as the ISO files. Select Run... from the Start menu and then enter **`cmd`** for the name of the program to start a Command Prompt window. Then change into the download directory. Run **sha256sum** with each ISO file like this:
**cd "C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\My Documents\My Downloads\Fedora"**
**sha256sum.exe Fedora-19-i386-DVD.iso**
The program takes some time to complete, since it must read the entire ISO file.
Open the file `CHECKSUM` with a text editor, such as Notepad, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by `sha256sum.exe` for **each** of the downloaded ISO files **exactly** matches the corresponding hash in the `CHECKSUM` file.
If all of the hashes match, you can burn the ISO file to disc. If a file does not match, download it again.
### 3\.4. Validating in Mac OS X {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files-Validating_in_Mac_OS_X}
To check the files, download the program HashTab available from .
Drag each Fedora image file that you want to validate, and drop it onto HashTab. Take note of the SHA256 value that HashTab displays.
Open the file `CHECKSUM` with a text editor, such as TextEdit, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by HashTab for **each** of the downloaded ISO files **exactly** matches the corresponding hash in the `CHECKSUM` file.
To validate the files from the command line, use the **shasum** command. In order to correctly validate the files, the 256-bit algorithm must be specified. Change into the directory that holds the ISO image files, then run **shasum**. For example:
**cd Desktop**
**shasum -a 256 Fedora-19-i386-DVD.iso**
If all of the hashes match, you can burn the ISO file to disc. If a file does not match, download it again.
### 3\.5. Validating in Linux {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Validating_the_Files-Validating_in_Linux}
Open a _terminal emulator_:
* on the GNOME desktop, click Applications → System Tools → Terminal to open GNOME Terminal
* on the KDE desktop, click Kickoff Application Launcher → Applications → System → Terminal to open Konsole
Change into the directory that holds the ISO image files, then run **sha256sum**, for example:
$ **cd Downloads**
$ **sha256sum Fedora-19-i386-DVD.iso**
Open the file `CHECKSUM` with a text editor, such as gedit or kwrite, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by sha256sum for **each** of the downloaded ISO files **exactly** matches the corresponding hash in the `CHECKSUM` file.
If all of the hashes match the hashes found at , you can burn the ISO file to disc. If a file does not match, download it again.
## 4\. Burning {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning}
The process of burning ISO images to disc varies according to your operating system and the software that you have available. This section provides a guide to some popular disc burning tools.
If you are burning a set of Fedora CDs, you can test that you are burning the discs correctly and that your computer can boot from these discs as soon as you have burnt the first disc in the set. Refer to [Section 6, “Next steps”](#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Next_steps "6. Next steps") to learn how to start your computer from a Fedora disc. If you press **Enter** on the Fedora boot screen, the Fedora installer will offer you a chance to test the disc. If you discover a problem with the first disc before you burn an entire set, you could save time and discs. Note that the disc test option is available when you boot from a Fedora DVD, or CDROM#1 from a Fedora CD set, but _not_ when you boot from a Fedora Live CD.
If you are burning CDs, the steps below will need to be repeated for each CD in the set. It may be helpful to label the CDs with the number after each one completes.
### 4\.1. Burning discs under Windows operating systems {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Windows}
#### 4\.1.1. Burning discs with Windows 7 {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Windows-7}
1. Insert a blank, writable disc.
1. Right-click the ISO image file and select Burn disc image.
1. In the Windows Disc Image Burner window, check that the correct drive is identified in the Disc burner drop-down menu, then click Burn.
#### 4\.1.2. Burning discs with older Windows operating systems {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Windows-old}
The CD burning feature built into Windows XP and Windows Vista cannot burn CDs from images and Windows operating systems before Windows XP did not have any built-in CD burning capability at all. Therefore, to turn an ISO image files into a CD or DVD on Windows operating systems prior to Windows 7, you need separate disc burning software that can handle ISO image files.
Examples of popular CD burning software for Windows that you might already have on your computer include InfraRecorder, Nero Burning ROM, and Roxio Creator. If you use a Windows operating system on your computer and do not have disc burning software installed (or you are not sure that the software can burn discs from image files) InfraRecorder is a suitable solution available from , and is free and open-source.
The steps required to burn ISO images to disks with several popular CD burning applications are listed below.
##### 4\.1.2.1. Using InfraRecorder {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Using_InfraRecorder}
Obtain and install InfraRecorder from the web site.
1. Start InfraRecorder.
1. Select Actions.
1. Select Burn Image.
1. Choose the Fedora ISO file and select open.
1. Select `4X` as the write speed.
1. Select OK.
##### 4\.1.2.2. Using The ISO Recorder V2 Power Toy {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Using_The_ISO_Recorder_V2_Power_Toy}
Obtain and install the ISO Recorder power toy from the web site.
1. In the file manager Explorer, right click on the first Fedora ISO file.
1. In the context menu, select Copy image to CD.
1. Follow the steps given by the CD Recording Wizard pop-up.
1. Repeat for the remaining ISO files.
##### 4\.1.2.3. Using Roxio Easy Media Creator 7 {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Using_Roxio_Easy_Media_Creator_7}
1. Start Creator Classic.
1. Select Other Tasks.
1. Select Burn from Disc Image File.
1. Choose the Fedora ISO file and burn it.
##### 4\.1.2.4. Using Nero Burning ROM 5 {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Using_Nero_Burning_ROM_5}
1. Start the program.
1. Open the File menu.
1. Select Burn Image.
1. Choose the Fedora ISO file and burn it.
1. Repeat the above steps for each of the other ISO files.
##### 4\.1.2.5. Using Nero Express 6 {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Using_Nero_Express_6}
1. Start the program.
1. Select Disc Image or Saved Project.
1. An Open dialog appears. Select the first Fedora ISO file. Click Open.
1. Set the writing speed for your disc recorder. The optimal setting depends on your specific hardware.
1. Click Next to burn.
1. Repeat the steps above for the other ISO files.
### 4\.2. Burning discs under Mac OS X {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-OSX}
1. Right or Control-click on the ISO file. A contextual menu appears.
1. Click Open With → Disk Utility.
1. In the Disk Utility window, click the ISO file, then click the Burn icon in the toolbar. A Burn Disc In sheet slides down from the toolbar.
1. Insert a blank, writable disc.
1. Click Burn. When burning is complete, your computer ejects the now ready-to-use disc.
### 4\.3. Burning discs under Linux {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Linux}
#### 4\.3.1. Burning discs on the GNOME desktop {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Linux-GNOME}
CD/DVD Creator is disc burning software integrated with the GNOME desktop.
1. Right-click on the ISO image file that you downloaded and select Write to disk. The Write to Disc dialog box appears.
1. Click the Write button. CD/DVD Creator prompts you to insert a disc, then burns the image file to the disc.
#### 4\.3.2. Burning discs with K3b {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Linux-K3b}
K3b is the default disc burning software for the KDE desktop.
1. Click Kickoff Application Launcher → Applications → Multimedia → CD & DVD Burning to launch K3b.
1. Click Tools → Burn CD Image to burn a CD, or Tools → Burn DVD ISO Image to burn a DVD. The Burn CD Image or Burn Iso1660 Image to DVD dialog box appears.
1. Use the button beside the Image to burn box to browse to the ISO image file.
1. Insert a blank disc, then click the Start button. K3b burns the image file to the disc.
#### 4\.3.3. Burning discs with Brasero {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-Linux-Brasero}
Brasero is disc burning software included with many Linux distributions, on a variety of desktops.
1. Launch Brasero.
1. Click Burn image.
1. Click Click here to select a disc image and browse to the ISO image file you downloaded.
1. Insert a blank disc, then click the Burn button. Brasero burns the image file to the disc.
#### 4\.3.4. Burning discs with wodim from the command line {#sec-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Burning-cmd-line}
wodim is a command line tool that makes burning iso files to disc easy. These instructions will help you to burn a disc when a Graphical User Interface is not available.
1. Install wodim with the command **su -c 'yum install wodim'**
1. Locate your cdrom drives location with **wodim --devices**. This should give something like the following:
[zoglesby@zlaptop ~]$ wodim --devices
wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 dev='/dev/scd0' rwrw-- : 'TSSTcorp' 'DVD+-RW TS-T633C'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Using the output from above identify your drive location. In this example it would be /dev/scd0, and issue the following command to burn the cd.
**wodim -v _`dev=/dev/xxx`_ speed=4 -eject _`/path/to/Fedora.iso`_**.
### Replace values
Be sure to replace the _`dev=/dev/xxx`_ with your drive path, and _`/path/to/Fedora.iso`_ to the actual path and name of the ISO file.
## 5\. Preparing a USB flash drive as an installation source {#Making_USB_Media}
### Ensure your USB media has sufficient space
Your USB media will need free space equal to the size of the ISO you obtained in [Section 2.2, “Choosing the ISO Files”](#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading-Choosing_the_ISO_Files "2.2. Choosing the ISO Files"). For example, a 2.2GB DVD ISO will need 2.2GB of free space on the USB drive, but having slightly more free space on the drive is ideal.
### Unusual USB Media
In a few cases with oddly formatted or partitioned USB media, image writing may fail.
### 5\.1. Making Fedora USB Media on a Windows Operating System {#Making_USB_Media-Windows}
### Note — This Method Is Not Destructive
This method is not destructive, so existing data on the media is not harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
The most straightforward way to place a Fedora image on USB media using a Windows operating system is to transfer the Fedora live image to the USB device with the LiveUSB Creator tool.
Note that the dd tool discussed in [Section 5.2, “Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, and Similar Operating Systems”](#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux "5.2. Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, and Similar Operating Systems") is also available for Windows. Follow the instructions in that section to use an implementation of dd for Windows operating systems. The instructions in this section assume that you will use LiveUSB Creator.
1. Download the LiveUSB Creator program for Windows from .
1. LiveUSB Creator can create live USB media either from an image file that you downloaded previously, as described in [Section 2.2, “Choosing the ISO Files”](#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading-Choosing_the_ISO_Files "2.2. Choosing the ISO Files"), or it can download an image file from the Internet. Either:
* click the Browse button under the Use existing LiveCD label, browse to the location where you previously downloaded a Fedora Live ISO file, and select that file.
* select a Fedora Live ISO file from the drop-down menu that LiveUSB Creator presents under the Download Fedora label. Note that image files are large and that it is probably impractical to use LiveUSB Creator to download an image file if you do not have a broadband connection to the Internet.
1. Click Create Live USB.
### 5\.2. Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, and Similar Operating Systems {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux}
A graphical tool is available to create Fedora USB media on systems that run Fedora or operating systems derived from Fedora. To create Fedora USB media on other UNIX or Linux operating systems (including Mac OS X), use the command-line method described in [Section 5.2.1.3, “Making Fedora USB Media with dd”](#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-dd "5.2.1.3. Making Fedora USB Media with dd").
#### 5\.2.1. Creating Fedora USB Media in Fedora and similar Linux distributions {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora}
Graphical and command-line tools are available to create Fedora USB media on computers that run Fedora and Linux distributions derived from Fedora. The command line tools work with both Fedora DVD and live images, but the graphical tool works only with live images. To create Fedora USB media from the distribution image or minimal boot media image, use one of the command line methods described in [Section 5.2.1.2, “Making Fedora USB Media with livecd-tools”](#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-livecd-tools "5.2.1.2. Making Fedora USB Media with livecd-tools") and [Section 5.2.1.3, “Making Fedora USB Media with dd”](#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-dd "5.2.1.3. Making Fedora USB Media with dd").
##### 5\.2.1.1. Making Fedora USB Media with a graphical tool {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-graphical}
### Important — Enable Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
To perform this procedure on Linux distributions derived from Fedora, enable the _Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux_ (EPEL) repository. Refer to for instructions.
### Note — This Method Is Not Destructive
This method is not destructive, so existing data on the media is not harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
1. Install the liveusb-creator on your system with your graphical package manager, or the following command:
su -c 'yum -y install liveusb-creator'
1. Plug in your USB media.
1. Launch LiveUSB Creator, either from a menu or by entering **liveusb-creator** on the command line. Enter the root password for your system when LiveUSB Creator prompts you for it.
1. LiveUSB Creator can create live USB media either from an image file that you downloaded previously, as described in [Section 2.2, “Choosing the ISO Files”](#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading-Choosing_the_ISO_Files "2.2. Choosing the ISO Files"), or it can download an image file from the Internet. Either:
* click the Browse button under the Use existing LiveCD label, browse to the location where you previously downloaded a Fedora Live ISO file, and select that file.
* select a Fedora Live ISO file from the drop-down menu that LiveUSB Creator presents under the Download Fedora label. Note that image files are large and that it is probably impractical to use LiveUSB Creator to download an image file if you do not have a broadband connection to the Internet.
1. Click Create Live USB.
##### 5\.2.1.2. Making Fedora USB Media with livecd-tools {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-livecd-tools}
### Important — Enable Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
To perform this procedure on Linux distributions derived from Fedora, enable the _Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux_ (EPEL) repository. Refer to for instructions.
### Note — This Method Is Not Destructive
This method is not destructive, so existing data on the media is not harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
1. Install the livecd-tools package on your system with your graphical package manager, or the following command:
su -c 'yum -y install livecd-tools'
1. Plug in your USB media.
1. Find the device name for your USB media. If the media has a volume name, use it to look up the device name in `/dev/disk/by-label`, or use the **findfs**:
su -c 'findfs LABEL="_`MyLabel`_"'
If the media does not have a volume name, or you do not know it, consult the `/var/log/messages` log for details:
su -c 'less /var/log/messages'
1. Use the **livecd-iso-to-disk** command to write the ISO image to the media:
su -c 'livecd-iso-to-disk _`the_image.iso`_ /dev/_`sdX1`_'
Replace _`sdX1`_ with the device name for the partition on the USB media. Most flash drives and external hard disks use only one partition. If you have changed this behavior or have oddly partitioned media, you may need to consult other sources of help.
##### 5\.2.1.3. Making Fedora USB Media with dd {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-RHEL_Fedora-dd}
### Warning — These instructions could destroy data
When you perform this procedure any data on the USB flash drive is destroyed with no warning. Make sure that you specify the correct USB flash drive, and make sure that this flash drive does not contain any data that you want to keep.
### Note
The Fedora Project recommends using livecd-tools rather than dd for creating USB media whenever possible.
1. Plug in your USB flash drive.
1. Become root:
**su -**
1. Because your flash drive will be completely overwritten by this procedure, it is important to specify the correct drive. Run the command **dmesg** shortly after connecting the drive. The output will identify the `device node` of the drive, in this case `/dev/sdd`:
[36255.217474] usb 2-1.7: Manufacturer: Kingston
[36255.217476] usb 2-1.7: SerialNumber: 0019E06B0848SK88050A1E7C
[36255.218125] usb-storage 2-1.7:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[36255.218188] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1.7:1.0
[36256.221078] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access Kingston DT 101 II 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[36256.221399] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[36256.222051] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] 3930112 512-byte logical blocks: (2.01 GB/1.87 GiB)
[36256.222815] [_sdd_]d 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[36256.222818] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] Mode Sense: 22 00 00 00
[36256.223547] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] No Caching mode page found
[36256.223550] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] Assuming drive cache: write through
[36256.226945] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] No Caching mode page found
[36256.226947] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[36256.483172] sdd: sdd1
The device name (similar to `/dev/sdd`) and the partition name (similar to `/dev/sdd1`) both appear in several lines towards the end of the output. You will use the device name, the procedure will be creating a new partition.
1. Use the **dd** command to transfer the boot ISO image to the USB device:
**# dd if=_`path/image_name`_.iso of=_`device`_**
where _`path/image_name`_.iso is the boot ISO image file that you downloaded and ``_`device`_`` is the device name for the USB flash drive. Ensure you specify the device name, not the partition name. For example:
**# dd if=~/Download/Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdc**
#### 5\.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media in other Linux Distributions {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-other}
To create Fedora USB media from a DVD or live image on a computer that uses a Linux distribution other than Fedora and those derived from Fedora, use one of the command-line procedures detailed in this section.
##### 5\.2.2.1. Making Fedora USB Media with livecd-tools {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-other_livecd-tools}
### Note — This Method Is Not Destructive
This method is not destructive, so existing data on the media is not harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
This method works only on Linux operating systems.
1. Download a DVD or live ISO image for Fedora as shown in [Section 2.2, “Choosing the ISO Files”](#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Downloading-Choosing_the_ISO_Files "2.2. Choosing the ISO Files")
1. Plug in your USB media.
1. Find the device name for your USB media. If the media has a volume name, look up the name in `/dev/disk/by-label`, or use the **findfs**:
su -c 'findfs LABEL="_`MyLabel`_"'
If the media does not have a volume name, or you do not know it, consult the `/var/log/messages` log for details:
su -c 'less /var/log/messages'
1. Many Linux distributions automatically _mount_ USB media devices when you connect the device to your computer. If this is the case, unmount the device. The specific method to do this varies widely between Linux distributions and desktops. Some common methods include:
* select File > Unmount if the operating system presents you with a window that displays the contents of the device.
* right-click on an icon of the device and click Unmount.
* click on an icon that represents ejecting the media — commonly, an upward-pointing triangle.
1. At a command line, type **su -** to become root, and enter the root password when your system prompts you.
1. Create a _mount point_ for the image that you downloaded. For example, to use `/tmp/livecd` as the mount point, type **mkdir /tmp/livecd** and press **Enter**.
1. Mount the image with the following command: **mount -o loop _`/path/to/image/file/imagefile.iso`_ _`/path/to/mount/point`_**, where _`/path/to/image/file`_ is the location of the image file that you downloaded, `imagefile.iso` is the image file, and _`/path/to/mount/point`_ is the mount point that you just created.
1. Change directory to the `LiveOS` directory of the image that you just mounted. mount point where you just mounted the Fedora image. For example, **cd /tmp/livecd/LiveOS**.
1. Run the following command: **./livecd-iso-to-disk _`/path/to/image/file/imagefile.iso`_ _`device`_**, where ``_`/path/to/image/file`_`` is the location of the image file that you downloaded, ``_`imagefile.iso`_`` is the image file, and ``_`device`_`` is the USB media device.
Example 3. Mounting a Fedora live image file and using livecd-iso-to-disk to create live USB media
You have downloaded a Fedora live image, `Fedora-19-i686-Live.iso`, to a folder named `Downloads` in your home directory. You have a USB flash drive plugged into your computer, named `/dev/sdc`, with a partition named `/dev/sdc1`
Become root:
su -
Make a mount point for the image:
mkdir /mnt/livecd
Mount the image:
mount -o loop /home/_`Username`_/Downloads/Fedora-19-i686-Live.iso /mnt/livecd
Change into the `LiveOS` directory of the live CD image:
cd /mnt/livecd/LiveOS
Run livecd-iso-to-disk to transfer the live image to the partition on your flash drive and make the flash drive bootable:
./livecd-iso-to-disk /home/_`Username`_/Downloads/Fedora-19-i686-Live.iso /dev/sdc1
##### 5\.2.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media with dd {#Making_USB_Media-UNIX_Linux-other-dd}
### Warning — These instructions could destroy data
When you perform this procedure any data on the USB flash drive is destroyed with no warning. Make sure that you specify the correct USB flash drive, and make sure that this flash drive does not contain any data that you want to keep.
### Note
The Fedora Project recommends using livecd-tools rather than dd for creating USB media whenever possible.
Use this method for the distribution image, the minimal boot media image, or on systems with a UNIX operating system (including Mac OS X).
1. Plug in your USB flash drive.
1. Become root:
**su -**
1. Because your flash drive will be completely overwritten by this procedure, it is important to specify the correct drive. Run the command **dmesg** shortly after connecting the drive. The output will identify the `device node` of the drive, in this case `/dev/sdd`:
[36255.217474] usb 2-1.7: Manufacturer: Kingston
[36255.217476] usb 2-1.7: SerialNumber: 0019E06B0848SK88050A1E7C
[36255.218125] usb-storage 2-1.7:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[36255.218188] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1.7:1.0
[36256.221078] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access Kingston DT 101 II 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[36256.221399] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[36256.222051] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] 3930112 512-byte logical blocks: (2.01 GB/1.87 GiB)
[36256.222815] [_sdd_]d 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[36256.222818] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] Mode Sense: 22 00 00 00
[36256.223547] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] No Caching mode page found
[36256.223550] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] Assuming drive cache: write through
[36256.226945] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_] No Caching mode page found
[36256.226947] sd 7:0:0:0: [_sdd_sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[36256.483172] sdd: sdd1
The device name (similar to `/dev/sdd`) and the partition name (similar to `/dev/sdd1`) both appear in several lines towards the end of the output. You will use the device name, the procedure will be creating a new partition.
1. Use the **dd** command to transfer the boot ISO image to the USB device:
**# dd if=_`path/image_name`_.iso of=_`device`_**
where _`path/image_name`_.iso is the boot ISO image file that you downloaded and ``_`device`_`` is the device name for the USB flash drive. Ensure you specify the device name, not the partition name. For example:
**# dd if=~/Download/Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdc**
## 6\. Next steps {#sect-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Next_steps}
To boot your computer from the DVD, CD, or USB media that you have just produced:
1. Insert the disc or USB drive, then turn off your computer with the disc still in place.
1. Restart your computer. As the computer starts, watch for a message that tells you to press a certain key to choose a boot device. The key varies from computer to computer but, on many systems, the required key will be **F12**, **F2**, **F1**, **Esc**, or **Delete**. Press the required key and select the CD or DVD drive that contains your disc, or the USB drive.
If your computer does not offer you a boot menu, and a Fedora boot screen does not appear shortly after the computer starts, you might need to change the computer's boot sequence in its BIOS. Refer to the documentation that came with your computer for instructions. The details of this procedure vary widely from computer to computer.
1. When the Fedora boot screen appears, you can proceed to install Fedora. Refer to the _Fedora 19 Installation Quick Start Guide_ for basic instructions for most desktop and laptop computers, or the _Fedora 19 Installation Guide_ for a full set of installation instructions. Both documents are available from .
## 7\. We want feedback {#idm57789968}
If you find errors or have suggestions for improvement, we want your advice. Submit a report in Bugzilla against the product `Fedora Documentation` and the component `readme-burning-isos`. The following link automatically loads this information for you: [http://bugzilla.redhat.com/](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora Documentation&component=readme-burning-isos).
In Bugzilla:
1. Provide a short summary of the error or your suggestion in the `Summary` field.
1. Copy the following template into the `Description` field and give us the details of the error or suggestion as specifically as you can. If possible, include some surrounding text so we know where the error occurs or the suggestion fits.
Document URL:
Section number and name:
Error or suggestion:
Additional information:
1. Click the Submit Bug button.
## A. Revision History {#appe-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-Revision_History}
|**Revision History**|
|Revision 19-1|Sun Jul 7 2013|Pete Travis|
||Updated content to reflect creation of USB media||
|Revision 19|Wed Jul 3 2013|Pete Travis|
||Updated content to reflect targeting of USB media sizes|
|Added a table for comparing image types.||
|Revision 17|Mon May 28 2012|Ben Cotton|
||Update for Fedora 17|
|Added OS X CLI instructions|
|Corrected mis-formatted filenames||
|Revision 14-1|Tue Jul 27 2010|Eric Christensen|
||Update for Fedora 14|
|Added text for InfraRecorder. (BZ 527854)||
|Revision 13.1.0|Mon Apr 12 2010|Rüdiger Landmann|
||Update for Fedora 13|
|Include instructions for Windows 7||